1755 - 1756
The First Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono and The Construction of Keraton Yogyakarta
After Prince Mangkubumi was crowned as the first Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono as the ruler of Sunanate Yogyakarta, he decided to build a royal palace by his own desire. Sultan Hamengkubuwono I was the architect of the Keraton Surakarta. His residence in Jogjakarta was his private residence; the design was an application of his philosophies
Keraton was built on forest, the concept was adapted the Hinduism belief which communicates the relation between God with all of his creation. Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I believe that our level as human is the same with other living creature. Therefore, it is important to treat the others equally as God sees us all the same way. Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono was also a Muslim. He added philosophies of Islam into the royal palace.
Sri Sultan Hamengkubowo I Facts:
-
Had wives in total of 25
-
The total of his children is 32
Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
Keraton originally means as the place for the ratu (queens) to stay, came from the words of: ka + ratu + an = keraton. It is also translated as a palace. The term Keraton is a palace with several meanings; religious, philosophy, and also cultural. Keraton is rich with its hidden meanings and significance, which is important not just for the internal community but also to the city development of Yogyakarta. Whilst the name of Ngayogyakarta was taken from the area of Yogyakarta, with more comprehensive meaning of Yogya (Goodness) + Karta (Properous) and also Ngayu (Goodness) + Bagya (Happiness) + Karya (Inovative).
The elements of Keraton, including the ornaments, the buildings, decorations, also the colors and plants have their own hidden story. All of their stories seems to encourage about the importance of doing good deeds in the world and will carry on until the life after death to the people also the visitors. The philosophy mostly adapted from Islam religion with the mix of Hinduism, and progressing until now.
The Batlle Between Prince Mangkubumi with the Dutch Colony.
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I
Original Name: Bendara Raden Mas Sujono/ Prince Mangkubumi
Date of Birth: 7 August 1717
Crowned: 13 February 1755
Died: 24 March 1792
Photo courtesy of http://www.beringharjo.co.id/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/beringharjo.jpg
Yogyakarta Then
History
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IV
Original Name: Gusti Raden Mas Ibnu Jarot
Date of Birth: 3 April 1804
Crowned: 10 November 1814
Died: 6 December 1823
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IV Facts:
-
Had wives in total of 9
-
The total of his children is 18
-
The first son was died when he was 108 days old
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono V
Original Name: Gusti Raden Mas Gathot Menol
Date of Birth: 24 January 1820
Crowned: 19 December 1823
Died: 5 June 1855
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono V Facts:
-
He was crowned when he was 3 years old, he was then accompanied by his Uncle to run the Sultanate
-
Had wives in total of 5
-
The total of his children is 9
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VI
._TMnr_60002136.jpg)
Original Name: Gusti Raden Mas Mustojo
Date of Birth: 10 August 1821
Crowned: 5 July 1855
Died: 20 July 1877
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VI Facts:
-
Had wives in total of 10
-
The total of his children is 23
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII
Original Name: Gusti Raden Mas Murtejo
Date of Birth: 4 February 1839
Crowned: 13 August 1877
Died: 30 December 1921
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII Facts:
-
Had wives in total of 28
-
The total of his children is 78
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII
Original Name: Gusti Raden Mas Sujadi
Date of Birth: 3 March 1880
Crowned: 8 February 1921
Died: 22 October 1939
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX
Original Name: Gusti Raden Mas Dorojatun
Date of Birth: 12 April 1912
Crowned: 18 March 1940
Died: 3 October 1988
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X
Original Name: Bendara Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito
Date of Birth: 2 April 1946
Crowned: 7 March 1989 - present
Photo courtesy of http://img.eramuslim.com/media/2015/02/hamengkubuwonox.jpg
1921 - 1939
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII, the Father of New Development
The era of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII was known as the era of new development. This was known based on the new added elements at Keraton Yogyakarta by on the 20th Century. He implemented many of his designs with the use of symbols that has the components of 8 (eight). The elements that were designed by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII are also shown in the section of .
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII's contributions to Keraton Yogyakarta were significant. According to the history, the era of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII was the time when the Dutch East Indies was trying to take to the whole Yogyakarta for their own purpose, by built fort with missiles that were aiming to Keraton Yogyakarta. However, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII was smart enough to manipulate them and develop the royal palace using the social funding so that the Dutch East Indies could not take it.
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII Facts:
-
Had wives in total of 8
-
The total of his children is 41
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono III
Original Name: Gusti Raden Mas Surojo
Date of Birth: 20 February 1769
Crowned: 12 June 1812
Died: 3 November 1814
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono III Facts:
-
Had wives in total of 25
-
The total of his children is 32
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono II
Original Name: Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro
Date of Birth: 7 March 1750
Crowned: 2 April 1792
Died: 3 January 1828
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono II Facts:
-
Had wives in total of 28
-
The total of his children is 80
1940 - 1988
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, the One Who Experienced 5 Periods
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX was named as the phenomenal Sultan of Keraton Yogyakarta. He experienced the 5 Periods: 1) The time when Dutch East Indies were invading Indonesia, 2) The British Occupation and the Java War, 3) Japanese Occupation in Indonesia, 4) The revolution period when Indonesia fought to reach their independence, 5) The time when Indonesia proclaimed themselves as an independent country in 1945.
Under the authority of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Keraton Yogyakarta then decided to be a part of Republic of Indonesia. Keraton Yogyakarta was very significant to Indonesia at that time, chosen as the location for the coronation of the first Indonesian President in 1945. Hamengkubuwono IX was also officiated as the second Vise-President of Indonesian between 1973 - 1978.
He went to Leiden, Netherlands and pursued his study. His father (Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono VIII) sent him there in order to learn the true education and meet the real 'Dutch People' with the hope that Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX will return home and could finally be free from the Dutch East Indies.
Because of his magnificent achievements during his reign, he held the title of "Ngarsa Dalem Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kangjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwana Senapati-ing-Ngalaga Abdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama Khalifatullah ingkang Jumeneng Kaping Sanga ing Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat". There is also a museum dedicated to Sri Sultan Hamengkubowono IX in order to remember his contributions for Keraton Yogyakarta and also Indonesia.
The Hamengkubuwono 9 museum was built because to commemorate the sultan’s tremendous efforts of uniting the Kraton with Indonesia. The construction of the museum was initiated by Jogjakarta local authorities with Murwanto/ Tri Martini.
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX Facts:
-
had wives in total of 5
-
The total of his children is 22
1746 - 1749: Conflict Between Brothers
The birth of Keraton begun with the battle of Prince Mangkubumi to win back the Mataram Kingdom that has been surrendered by his step brother, Prince Pakubuwono II to the Dutch Colony, with personal interest. The two brother were in the same Kingdom of Mataram. The Mataram Kingdom was originally concluded both the city of Yogyakarta and Surakarta (Solo).
It took more or less 9 years for Sultan Hamengkubuwono I to restore the Mataram dynasty that was temporarily handed by his older brother, Sunan Pakubuwono 2nd to the Dutch East Indies.
1746
Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, who then went by the name Raden Mas Sujono, went to Sukowati
1749
On December 1749, Raden Mas Sujono was crowned as the first sultan of Sunan Kabanaran.
The reason Pakubuwono 2nd gave their land to the Dutch East Indies was to reassure that his heir will become sultan. On December 15 1749, the Dutch East Indies crowned Pakubuwono the 3rd as the succcessor to balance the recently crowned Pakubuwono I.
Pakubuwono 2nd died in December 20, 1749.
1755: The Giyanti Agreement & the Birth of Keraton Yogyakarta
With all of the conflicts and tension that happened between the two Keraton of Yogyakarta and Surakata, Dutch Colony then tried to separate the two Kingdom with "Giyanti Agreement" that stated, the Mataram Kingdom will be divided by two regions, the Sunanate of Surakarta which under the authority of Prince Pakubuwono II, and the Sunanate of Yogyakarta which under the authority of Prince Mangkubumi then later became the first Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono, the first "Sultan" (ruler) of Keraton Yogyakarta.
1986 - Present
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, The Current Sultan
Nowadays, the family tree of Sultan Hamengkubuwono is currently hold by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono the 10th. He is also officiate as a Governor of Yogyakarta, from 1998 until present.
One of the events that is still debatable in the area of Keraton Yogyakarta is the problem regarding to the next successor of Hamengkubuwono, as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono does not have a Son.
Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X Facts:
-
He has one wife
-
The total of his daughters is 5
-
Therefore, he does not have a Son who could possibly his successor. Because of this matter, there are still some discussions about the controversial news of having his daugther as the successor. Read more on
Video Courtesy of Doenia Tempo Dulu
1792 - 1921: The Successors of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono
The era of two centuries after the the First Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono was considered as the era of stabilisation. There were not many significant changes happening at that time. Keraton Yogyakarta was still in good condition, with the system that was built by Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono 1 and continued since. Although, each of the successors has their own little stories.